There is no doubt that science has revealed many events in the past of the universe. There's the Big Bang, Cosmic Microwave Background, Evolution and dark energy starting to dominate the cosmos. But there is another direction we can see, namely the future and how the universe will end, aka doomsday.
The future of the universe is a very interesting topic and as hot as the past debate. What will happen to the universe? And more importantly, how will everything end? The leading cosmological and physical theories all show that it will be a very long phase. Let's look at some of the following doomsday scenarios.
1 | Big Crunch, Big Bounce
The fate of the universe lies in one key-value, namely its density. The idea is that if there is more matter in the cosmos than a certain value, the universe will collapse at its own mass. This is known as Big Crunch, a very popular theory even if it sounds like a crispy snack. This also relates to the Big Bounce, an idea that the universe will shrink through the phases of the big bang and the big crunch repeatedly until they shrink and disappear.
2 | Big Freeze
This term comes from the theory that, in the entropy universe will increase until it reaches "maximum value". Entropy comes from the principle of thermodynamics which includes energy and specifically refers to the idea that everything in the universe ultimately moves from order. Entropy is a measurement of that shift. Once entropy reaches its maximum, theoretical physicists believe that heat in the system will be distributed evenly. This means there will be no more room for usable energy, or heat, there and the universe will die from 'heat death'. Simply put, mechanical motion in the universe will stop. During this Big Freeze, the universe will, in theory, become so vast that the supply of gas will spread so thinly that no new stars can form. Under that model, time becomes a never-ending vacuum where nothing happens because there is little energy left in the universe.
3 | Big Rip
If the density of the universe is of a specific value or less, then the universe will expand forever. Values are calculated by measuring all the components of the universe that we know about, light and matter, and which we believe to exist but have not yet been proven, namely dark matter and dark energy. Dark energy is a big player in the future of the universe, responsible for the accelerated expansion of the cosmos. In some scenarios, this acceleration will eventually become so fast that it will damage the structure of spacetime. This scenario is known as Big Rip.
4 | Vacuum Metastability Event
This theory relies on the idea that the universe is in an unstable state. Fundamentally. If you look at the value of quantum physics particles, some suggest that our universe is teetering on the edge of stability. Some scientists theorize that billions of years from now, the universe will lead to a cliff. When this happens, at some point in the universe, a bubble will appear. Think of it as another universe. This bubble will expand in all directions at the speed of light and erase everything it touches. Eventually, this bubble will destroy everything in the universe.
5 | Black Hole
According to a popular theory, most material in the universe orbits a black hole. Take for example the galaxy, which almost all contains a supermassive black hole at its center. Most black holes will eat nearby stars or even entire galaxies as they fall into the event horizon of the hole.
In a limited universe, this black hole will eventually devour most of the problems, and we will be left with a dark universe. Every now and then a flash will light up, almost like lightning, whenever an object is pulled close enough to a black hole to emit energy, and then it will get dark again. Finally, we are no longer left except the gravitational well in the abyss. The more massive black holes will consume the less massive ones, becoming bigger and even bigger black holes. But still, this will not be the final state of the universe. Over time, black holes evaporate (lose their mass) because they emit what is called "Hawking radiation." So after the last black hole dies, we will be left with a distribution of subatomic radiation particles.
6 | Doomsday is Never Happen
In multiverse theory, theories about an infinite universe, this universe may appear or not exist. Our universe is only one of many. And although it can explode deep in the void between universes, the larger "universe" will still be there. The universe is everything and everything that exists. And because there are still problems out there, we still have a universe and existence. Even though time itself can be used up in other universes, in the multiverse a new universe is born all the time. According to physics, the number of new universes will exceed the old number, so in theory, the number of universes is increasing more than all the stars and sand in the universe.
7 | Alam Semesta Abadi
This is one of the first concepts created by humans about the universe, which has recently received a serious response by scientists.
Instead of the Big Bang singularity is the beginning of time itself, time may have existed before (for a previous eternity), and the uniqueness and result of the explosion could result from the collision of two branes (structures such as sheets of form space in the higher plane of existence). In this model, the universe is cyclical and will continue to grow and contract forever.
We can find out for sure within the next 20 years, we have satellites (Planck satellites) that are examining the space for cosmic background radiation patterns initiated by leading theories about the origin of the universe. This is a long process, but once we have that radiation pattern, we can have a better understanding of how our universe began and how it will end.
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